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Metallographic Preparation Guidelines

Metallographic specimen preparation requires knowledge of the specimen properties, the most important characteristics are the hardness and ductility of the metallographic specimen. Based on these material properties, the proper metallographic consumables and equipment parameters can be determined. The following chart shows the hardness and ductility for most metallographic material classes that are analyzed by metallographic techniques. Specimen procedures are fundamentally derived from this metallographic applications chart.

Click on image or table below for preparation guidelines

CLASS-1 Procedures CLASS-11 Materials Preparation CLASS-10 Materials Preparation CLASS-9 Materials Preparation CLASS-8 Materials Preparation CLASS-7 Materials Preparation CLASS-6 Materials Preparation CLASS-5 Materials Preparation CLASS-4 Materials Preparation CLASS-3 Materials Preparation CLASS-2 Materials Preparation CLASS-1 Materials Procedures
Metallographic CLASS Procedures - Chart

Click on image or table below for preparation guidelines:

CLASS-1 Procedures CLASS-11 Materials Preparation CLASS-10 Materials Preparation CLASS-9 Materials Preparation CLASS-8 Materials Preparation CLASS-7 Materials Preparation CLASS-6 Materials Preparation CLASS-5 Materials Preparation CLASS-4 Materials Preparation CLASS-3 Materials Preparation CLASS-2 Materials Preparation CLASS-1 Materials Procedures


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Metallographic CLASS Procedures - Icons

Aluminum Copper Lead, tin, zinc Polymer Matrix Composites
Metallographic CLASS 1 procedures

Precious Metals Refractory Metals
Metallographic CLASS 2 procedures

Cast Irons
Metallographic CLASS 3 procedures

Electronic Components Rare Earth
Metallographic CLASS 4 procedures

Stainless steels Soft Steels
Metallographic CLASS 5 procedures

Super Alloys Titanium
Metallographic CLASS 6 procedures

Thermal Spray Coatings
Metallographic CLASS 7 procedures

Hard Steels
Metallographic CLASS 8 procedures

Stainless steels Soft Steels
Metallographic CLASS 9 procedures

General Ceramics Engineering Ceramics Ceramic Matrix Composites
Metallographic CLASS 10 procedures

Metal Matrix Composites
Metallographic CLASS 11 procedures

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Metallographic Procedures - Table

Rhenium Niobium Tungsten
CLASS-1
(Soft, Ductile Materials)
2024 Aluminum 6061 Aluminum 7075 Aluminum Aluminum-Silicon Alloy Zinc-aluminum alloy
Tough Pitch Copper Copper / Stainless Steel Weld Copper - Zinc alloys Manganese-Aluminum Bronze Nickel-Iron Bronze Brass
Lead, tin, zinc Pure Zinc Zinc-aluminum alloys Tin Tin alloys Lead and lead alloys
Polymer Matrix Composites Carbon-carbon Boron-graphite Glass fiber composite Polymer graphite composite
CLASS-2
(Very soft, Low Ductility Materials)
Gold Silver Platinum
Rhenium Niobium Tungsten
CLASS-3
(Lower Ductility Metals)
Sintered Iron Tungsten
Cast Iron Hard Ferrous Alloys
CLASS-4
(Soft Brittle Non-metals)
AlN Electronic Substrate BeO Electronic Substrate Gallium Arsenide Substrate Multi-layer Capacitor Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Silicon Substrate Solder with Ceramic Substrate Solder on Non-ceramic Substrate MEMS (Microeletromechanical) Devices PZT (piezoelectric) Devices
Neodymium alloy
CLASS-5
(Medium Hard/ Ductile Metals)
Stainless Steel Stainless Steel weld with Copper
Low Carbon Steel - ferrite / pearlite Low Carbon Steel - bainite Steel - Welding / Fillet Weld and Analysis
CLASS-6
(Tough, Hard Non-ferrous Metals)
Hastelloy alloys Inconel / Inconnel Weld Turbine blade (Nickel alloys) Nimonic 90 Superalloy Fe-Ni-Co-Al Alloy Cast Cobalt Alloy Wrought Nickel
Ti6Al4V Cast Titanium Wrought Titanium Steel-Titanium Weld
CLASS-7
(Thermal Spray Coatings)
NiCr Thermal Spray Coating Ceramic Coated Turbine blades Tungsten-Cobalt Thermal Spray Coating Nickel-Aluminum-Moly Thermal Spray Coating Nickel-Aluminum Thermal Spray Coating
CLASS-8
(Hardened Steels)
High Carbon Steel (1095) Manganese Vanadium Tool Steel Nitrided Steel
CLASS-9
(Metal Matrix Composites)
SiC aluminum composite Titanium-SiC composite to Carbon Steel Weld ZrB2 titanium composite
CLASS-10
(Engineered Ceramics)
Alumina ALON BeO Cordierite Mullite Sapphire Steatite
SiAlON Silicon-Silicon Carbide Silicon Nitride Zirconia
Hafnium Diboride in a Boron Nitride Matrix SiC fibers - Silicon Nitride matrix SiC particles - Silicon Nitride matrix SiC particles - Zirconium Diboride Matrix
CLASS-11
(Very Hard Brittle Materials)
Alumino-Silicate glass CuFeS2/MoS2 concentrate Graphite Slag Periclase
Tungsten Carbide

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